Graphs from final report

Demographics Summary table

 

 

 

 

 

Participants

N=151

Gender 

 

Mean Age

 

Mean SES

 

Ethnicity

 

 

United States

 

 

 

60.9% male

 

39.1% female

 

 

 

 

11.41 years

 

 

Class III-IV

(middle to lower-middle class)

 

 

66.7% White

23.2% Black

10.1% Other

 

United Kingdom

 

80.5% male

 

19.5% female

 

 

10.87 years

 

 

Class III-IV

(middle to lower-middle class)

 

 

86.6% White

3.7%    Black

9.8%    Other

Summary Table : VOICES Study Participants Demographic characteristics

Description of Groups
55 participants were categorised as Group A (diagnosed and using medication), 48 as Group B (diagnosed, but no medication) and 48 as Group C (control group, no diagnosis).

Group

N

Group A

55

Group B

48

Group C

48

Total

151

(With graphs)

Country

N

United Kingdom

82

United States

69

Total

151

Graph 1: US and UK socio-economic status

US and UK socio-economic status

There was diversity in the socio-economic status of the study’s participants, with higher proportions in classes 3 (41%) and 4 (28%). There was no important difference in socio-economic status of participants from the United States and United Kingdom (p>.05).

Class description: Class 4-5 is middle class/upper class; class 3 is middle-class/lower-middle class; class 2 is lower-middle class/working class; and class 1 is working class/poor.

Class measured by the Hollingshead Four-Factor Index: class 1: 19-8; class 2: 29-20; class 3: 39-30; class 4: 54-40; class 5: 66-55.

Graph 2: US and UK age

US and UK age

The participants’ age ranged from 9 to 14 years. Overall, 63% of the participants were aged between 9 and 11 years. The mean age was 11.2 overall. The mean age was slightly higher in the United Kingdom (M=11.41, SD=1.5) than in the United States (M=10.87, SD=1.6) and this difference was significant (p<.05).

Graph 3: US and UK Gender

US and UK Gender

72% of participants were males. A higher proportion of UK participants were males (81%) compared to the US (61%) and this difference was significant (p<.01).

Graph 4: US and UK ethnicity

US and UK ethnicity

Overall, 78% of participants were categorised as being white, 13% as black and 10% as other. In the UK there was a higher participation of white kids (87%) compared to the US (67%), where a higher proportion was black (23%). The difference between the US and UK was significant (p<.01).

Graph 5: UK vs US Conners'

UK vs US Conners'

Participants in the UK scored significantly higher in the Conners’ Oppositional scale than participants in the US (63.1 and 56.7, respectively, p<.05).

Graph 6: UK vs US stimulants manager aggressive behaviour

UK vs US stimulants manager aggressive behaviour

Graph 7: UK vs US stimulants improve classroom performance

UK vs US stimulants improve classroom performance